Best Art Garfunkel Vocal Performance in Simon and Garfunkel

American folk music duo

Simon & Garfunkel
Fine art Garfunkel (left) and Paul Simon performing in Dublin, 1982
Background information
Likewise known as	Tom & Jerry (1956–1964)
Origin	New York City, New York, U.Due south.
Genres	Folk rock[1]
Years active	1956–1970 1972 1975–1977 1981–1984 1990 1993 2003–2005 2007–2010
Labels	Columbia
Website	simonandgarfunkel.com
Past members	Paul Simon Art Garfunkel

Simon & Garfunkel were an American folk stone duo consisting of singer-songwriter Paul Simon and singer Art Garfunkel. They were one of the best-selling music groups of the 1960s, and their biggest hits—including "The Sound of Silence" (1965), "Mrs. Robinson" (1968), "The Boxer" (1969), and "Bridge over Troubled H2o" (1970)—reached number one on singles charts worldwide.

Simon and Garfunkel met in elementary school in Queens, New York, in 1953, where they learned to harmonize and began writing songs. As teenagers, under the name Tom & Jerry, they had pocket-size success with "Hey Schoolgirl" (1957), a song imitating their idols, the Everly Brothers. In 1963, aware of a growing public involvement in folk music, they regrouped and were signed to Columbia Records as Simon & Garfunkel. Their debut, Wednesday Forenoon, iii A.One thousand., sold poorly; Simon returned to a solo career, this fourth dimension in England. In June 1965, a new version of "The Sound of Silence" overdubbed with electric guitar and drums became a The states AM radio hit, reaching number one on the Billboard Hot 100. The duo reunited to release a second studio album, Sounds of Silence, and tour colleges nationwide. On their third release, Parsley, Sage, Rosemary and Thyme (1966), they assumed more artistic control. Their music was featured in the 1967 moving-picture show The Graduate, giving them farther exposure. Their side by side anthology Bookends (1968) topped the Billboard 200 chart^[two] and included the number-one single "Mrs. Robinson" from the film.

Simon and Garfunkel had a troubled relationship, leading to artistic disagreements and their breakup in 1970. Their terminal studio album, Span over Troubled H2o, was released that January, becoming ane of the world's best-selling albums. After their breakdown, Simon released a number of acclaimed albums, including 1986'due south Graceland.^[three] Garfunkel released solo hits such as "All I Know" and briefly pursued an acting career, with leading roles in the Mike Nichols films Catch-22 and Carnal Cognition and in Nicolas Roeg's 1980 Bad Timing. The duo have reunited several times; their 1981 concert in Primal Park attracted more than 500,000 people, one of the largest concert attendances in history.^{[4] [5]}

Simon & Garfunkel won 10 Grammy Awards and were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1990.^[6] Richie Unterberger described them every bit "the most successful folk-rock duo of the 1960s" and ane of the most pop artists from the decade.^[one] They are among the acknowledged music artists, having sold more than than 100 million records.^[7] They were ranked 40th on Rolling Stone'due south 2010 list of the Greatest Artists of All Time^[8] and tertiary on its list of the greatest duos.^[nine]

History [edit]

1953–1956: Early years [edit]

Paul Simon and Art Garfunkel grew upward in the 1940s and 1950s in their predominantly Jewish neighborhood of Kew Gardens Hills in Queens, New York, iii blocks abroad from one some other. They attended the same schools: Public School 164 in Kew Gardens Hills, Parsons Inferior High School, and Forest Hills High School.^{[x] [eleven]} They were both fascinated by music; both listened to the radio and were taken with rock and gyre every bit it emerged, peculiarly the Everly Brothers.^[12] Simon first noticed Garfunkel when Garfunkel was singing in a fourth grade talent show, which Simon thought was a skillful mode to attract girls; he hoped for a friendship, which started in 1953, when they appeared in a sixth grade adaptation of Alice in Wonderland.^{[11] [13]} They formed a streetcorner doo-wop group called the Peptones with three friends and learned to harmonize.^{[xiv] [fifteen]} They began performing equally a duo at school dances.^[16]

Simon and Garfunkel moved to Wood Hills High School,^[17] where in 1956 they wrote their outset song, "The Girl for Me"; Simon's father sent a handwritten copy to the Library of Congress to register a copyright.^[16] While trying to retrieve the lyrics to the Everly Brothers vocal "Hey Doll Baby", they wrote "Hey Schoolgirl", which they recorded for $25 at Sanders Recording Studio in Manhattan.^[xviii] While recording they were overheard by promoter Sid Prosen, who signed them to his independent label Big Records later speaking to their parents. They were both 15.^[nineteen]

1957–1964: From Tom & Jerry and early recordings [edit]

1957 publicity photo of Simon & Garfunkel equally Tom & Jerry

Under Big Records, Simon and Garfunkel causeless the name Tom & Jerry; Garfunkel named himself Tom Graph, a reference to his interest in mathematics, and Simon Jerry Landis, subsequently the surname of a girl he had dated. Their first single, "Hey Schoolgirl", was released with the B-side "Dancin' Wild" in 1957.^{[13] [twenty]} Prosen, using the payola arrangement, bribed DJ Alan Freed $200 to play the unmarried on his radio show, where it became a nightly staple.^[21] "Hey Schoolgirl" attracted regular rotation on nationwide AM popular stations, leading information technology to sell over 100,000 copies and to land on Billboard 's charts at number 49.^[21] Prosen promoted the group heavily, getting them a headlining spot on Dick Clark's American Bandstand alongside Jerry Lee Lewis.^[22] Simon and Garfunkel shared approximately $four,000 from the vocal – earning two pct each from royalties, the residuum staying with Prosen.^[23] They released two more than singles on Big Records ("Our Song" and "That's My Story") neither of them successful.^{[18] [24] [25]}

After graduating from Forest Hills High Schoolhouse in 1958,^[26] the pair continued their teaching should a music career not unfold. Simon studied English at Queens College, City University of New York, and Garfunkel studied compages before switching to fine art history at Columbia Higher, Columbia Academy.^{[20] [27] [28]} While still with Big Records as a duo, Simon released a solo single, "True or Simulated", under the name "True Taylor".^[23] This upset Garfunkel, who regarded it as a expose; the emotional tension from the incident occasionally surfaced throughout their relationship.^[29]

Simon and Garfunkel continued recording as solo artists: Garfunkel equanimous and recorded "Private World" for Octavia Records, and—under the name Artie Garr—"Beat Love" for Warwick; Simon recorded with the Mystics and Tico and the Triumphs, and wrote and recorded under the names Jerry Landis and Paul Kane.^{[24] [29] [30]} Simon likewise wrote and performed demos for other artists, working for a while with Carole King and Gerry Goffin.^{[24] [31]}

Subsequently graduating in 1963, Simon joined Garfunkel, who was even so at Columbia University, to perform again equally a duo, this time with a shared interest in folk music.^{[32] [thirty]} Simon enrolled role-fourth dimension in Brooklyn Law Schoolhouse.^[33] By tardily 1963, billing themselves as Kane & Garr, they performed at Gerde's Folk City, a Greenwich guild that hosted Monday night open up mic performances.^[34] They performed three new songs—"Sparrow", "He Was My Brother", and "The Sound of Silence"—and attracted the attending of Columbia Records staffer Tom Wilson, a prominent A&R man and producer (who would later become a key architect of Bob Dylan's transition from folk to rock).^{[35] [36]} As a "star producer" for the label, he wanted to record "He Was My Brother" with a new British act, the Pilgrims.^[37] Simon convinced Wilson to let him and Garfunkel audition in the studio, where they performed "The Sound of Silence". At Wilson's urging, Columbia signed them.^[37]

Simon & Garfunkel's debut studio anthology, Wed Morning, 3 A.M., produced past Wilson, was recorded over iii sessions in March 1964 and released in October.^[38] It contains 5 compositions by Simon, three traditional folk songs, and four folk-influenced singer-songwriter songs.^{[ clarification needed ] [38]} Simon was determined that they would no longer use stage names.^[39] Columbia set upwardly a promotional showcase at Folk City on March 31, 1964, the duo's outset public concert every bit Simon & Garfunkel.^[39]

1964–1965: Simon in England; Garfunkel in college [edit]

Wed Morning, 3 A.M. sold only iii,000 copies on release. Simon moved to England,^[twoscore] where he toured pocket-sized folk clubs and befriended folk artists such as Bert Jansch, Martin Carthy, Al Stewart, and Sandy Denny.^{[41] [42] [43]} He also met Kathy Chitty, who became the object of his affection and is the Kathy in "Kathy's Song" and "America".^[44]

A small music publishing company, Lorna Music, licensed "Carlos Dominguez", a single Simon had recorded two years prior as Paul Kane, for a comprehend by Val Doonican that sold well.^[45] Simon visited Lorna to give thanks them, and the meeting resulted in a publishing and recording contract. He signed to the Oriole label and released "He Was My Blood brother" equally a single.^[45] Simon invited Garfunkel to stay for the summertime of 1964.^[45]

Near the end of the season, Garfunkel returned to Columbia for class.^[46] Simon also returned to the US, and resumed his studies at Brooklyn Constabulary School for ane semester, partially at his parents' insistence. He returned to England in January 1965, now certain that music was his calling.^[47] In the meantime, his landlady, Judith Piepe, had compiled a tape from his piece of work at Lorna and sent it to the BBC in hopes they would play it.^[47] The demos aired on the Five to Ten morning show, and were instantly successful. Oriole had folded into CBS past that betoken, and hoped to record a new Simon album.^[48]

Simon recorded his first solo album, The Paul Simon Songbook, in June 1965, featuring futurity Simon & Garfunkel staples including "I Am a Rock" and "April Come She Will". CBS flew Wilson over to produce the record, and he stayed at Simon'due south apartment.^[48] The anthology was released in August; although sales were poor, Simon felt content with his future in England.^[49] Garfunkel graduated in 1965, returning to Columbia University to do a chief'south degree in mathematics.^{[28] [l]}

1965–1966: Mainstream breakthrough and success [edit]

In the United States, Dick Summer, a late-nighttime DJ at WBZ in Boston, played "The Sound of Silence"; it became popular with a higher audience.^[51] It was picked upwardly the next twenty-four hour period along the E Declension of the United States. When Wilson heard about this new wave of interest, he took inspiration from the success of the folk-rock hybrid that he had created with Dylan in "Like a Rolling Rock" and crafted a stone remix of "Sound of Silence" using studio musicians.^[52] The remix was issued in September 1965, and it eventually reached the Billboard Hot 100.^[53] Wilson did not inform the duo of his plan, and Simon was "horrified" when he commencement heard it.^[53]

By January 1966, "The Sound of Silence" had topped the Hot 100, selling over one million copies.^[54] Simon reunited with Garfunkel in New York, leaving Chitty and his friends in England backside. CBS demanded a new album to be chosen Sounds of Silence to ride the wave of the hit.^[55] Recorded in three weeks and consisting of rerecorded songs from The Paul Simon Songbook plus four new tracks, Sounds of Silence was rush-released in mid-January 1966, peaking at number 21 Billboard Top LPs chart.^[56] A calendar week afterward, "Homeward Leap" was released as a single, inbound the United states top ten, followed by "I Am a Rock" peaking at number 3.^[56] The duo supported the recordings with a nationwide tour of the The states including a operation during the first Spring Weekend of the University of Massachusetts Boston where the duo was the headline act.^[57] CBS connected its promotion by re-releasing Wednesday Morning, three A.M., which charted at number 30.^[58] Despite the success, the duo was derided past some critics every bit a manufactured imitation of folk music.^[56]

Since they considered The Sounds of Silence a "rush job" to capitalize on their sudden success, Simon & Garfunkel spent more time crafting the follow-up. It was the get-go time Simon insisted on total control in aspects of recording.^[59] Work began in 1966 and took nine months.^[60] Garfunkel considered the recording of "Scarborough Fair" to be the point at which they stepped into the role of producer, as they were constantly beside engineer Roy Halee mixing.^[lx] Parsley, Sage, Rosemary and Thyme was issued in Oct 1966, post-obit the release of several singles and sold-out college campus shows.^[61] The duo resumed their college circuit tour eleven days after, crafting an prototype that was described equally "alienated", "weird", and "poetic".^[62] Managing director Mort Lewis also was responsible for this public perception, equally he withheld them from television set appearances unless they were allowed to play an uninterrupted ready or choose the setlist.^[62] Simon, then 26, felt he had "made it" into an upper echelon of rock and roll while retaining artistic integrity; according to his biographer Marc Eliot, this made him "spiritually closer to Bob Dylan than to, say, Bobby Darin".^[63] The duo chose William Morris as their booking agency after a recommendation from Wally Amos, also a friend of Wilson's.^[63]

During the sessions for Parsley, Simon and Garfunkel recorded "A Hazy Shade of Winter"; it was released every bit a single, peaking at number 13 on the national charts.^[60] "At the Zoo", recorded for a unmarried release in early on 1967,^{[ clarification needed ]} charted at number xvi.^[64] Simon began work for their side by side anthology around this time, telling Loftier Fidelity he was no longer interested in singles.^[65] He developed writer's block, which prevented the duo from releasing an anthology in 1967.^[66] Many other successful artists at the time were expected to release two or three albums each year, and the lack of productivity worried Columbia executives.^[65] Amongst concerns for Simon's apparent idleness, Columbia Records chairman Clive Davis bundled for up-and-coming producer John Simon to kicking-showtime the recording.^[67] Simon was distrustful of characterization executives; on one occasion, he and Garfunkel recorded a coming together with Davis, who was giving a "fatherly talk" on speeding up production, to laugh at it later.^[68] The rare television appearances at this time saw the duo performing on network broadcasts as The Ed Sullivan Prove, The Mike Douglas Evidence, and The Andy Williams Testify in 1966, and twice on The Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour in 1967.^{[ citation needed ]}

Meanwhile, director Mike Nichols, and then filming The Graduate, had become fascinated with Simon & Garfunkel's records, listening to them extensively before and after filming.^[69] He met Davis to ask for permission to license Simon & Garfunkel music for his film. Davis viewed it as a perfect fit and envisioned a bestselling soundtrack album.^[63] Simon was not every bit receptive and was cautious of "selling out". However, after coming together Nichols and beingness impressed past his wit and the script, he agreed to write new songs for the film.^[63] Leonard Hirshan, a powerful agent at William Morris, negotiated a deal that paid Simon $25,000 to submit three songs to Nichols and producer Lawrence Turman.^[70] When Nichols was not impressed by Simon'due south songs "Punky's Dilemma" and "Overs", Simon and Garfunkel offered another, incomplete song, which became "Mrs. Robinson"; Nichols loved it.^[lxx]

1967–1968: Studio fourth dimension and low profile [edit]

Simon & Garfunkel'southward fourth studio album, Bookends, was recorded in fits and starts from late 1966 to early 1968. Although the album had long been planned, work did not begin in earnest until belatedly 1967.^[71] The duo were signed under an older contract that specified the label pay for sessions,^[68] and Simon & Garfunkel took advantage of this, hiring viola and contumely players and percussionists.^[72] The record's brevity reflects its curtailed and perfectionist product; the team spent over 50 hours recording "Punky'south Dilemma", for example, and rerecorded vocal parts, sometimes note by note, until they were satisfied.^[73] Garfunkel's songs and vocalization took a atomic number 82 role on some of the songs, and the harmonies for which the duo was known gradually disappeared. For Simon, Bookends represented the end of the collaboration and became an early on indicator of his intentions to become solo.^[74]

Prior to release, the band helped put together and performed at the Monterey Pop Festival, which signaled the beginning of the Summer of Dearest on the West Coast.^[75] "Fakin' It" was issued as a single that summertime and establish only pocket-size success on AM radio; the duo were much more focused on the rising FM format, which played album tracks and treated their music with respect.^[76] In Jan 1968, the duo appeared on a Kraft Music Hall special, Three for This night, performing ten songs, largely taken from their previous album.^[77] Bookends was released by Columbia Records in April 1968, 24 hours before the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr., which spurred nationwide outrage and riots.^[78] The anthology debuted on the Billboard Top LPs in the result dated April 27, 1968, climbing to number one and staying at that position for vii not-consecutive weeks; information technology remained on the chart as a whole for 66 weeks.^[75] Bookends received such heavy orders weeks in advance of its release that Columbia was able to use for award certification earlier copies left the warehouse, a fact it touted in magazine ads. The album became the duo'due south bestselling to appointment, helped past the attention for the Graduate soundtrack x weeks earlier, creating an initial combined sales effigy of over v 1000000 units.^[79]

Davis had predicted this, and suggested raising the list price of Bookends by one dollar to $5.79, above the then standard retail toll, to compensate for a big poster included in vinyl copies.^{[79] [80]} Simon scoffed and viewed it every bit charging a premium on "what was sure to be that year'south best-selling Columbia anthology". Co-ordinate to biographer Marc Eliot, Davis was "offended past what he perceived as their lack of gratitude for what he believed was his role in turning them into superstars".^[79] Rather than implement Davis' plan, Simon & Garfunkel signed a contract extension with Columbia that guaranteed them a higher royalty rate.^[79] At the 1969 Grammy Awards, the lead single "Mrs. Robinson" became the commencement rock and roll song to receive Record of the Twelvemonth, and also won Best Contemporary Pop Functioning by a Duo or Group.^[81]

1969–1970: Growing apart and final album [edit]

Bookends, alongside the Graduate soundtrack, fabricated Simon & Garfunkel the biggest rock duo in the earth.^[79] Simon was approached by producers to write music for films or license songs; he turned downwardly Franco Zeffirelli, who was preparing to picture Brother Sun, Sister Moon, and John Schlesinger, who was preparing to movie Midnight Cowboy.^[79] In addition to Hollywood proposals, Simon declined a asking by producers from the Broadway show Jimmy Shine (starring Simon's friend Dustin Hoffman, also the lead in Midnight Cowboy).^[82] He collaborated briefly with Leonard Bernstein on a sacred mass before withdrawing from the projection due to "finding it maybe too far afield from his condolement zone".^[82]

Garfunkel began interim, and played Helm Nately in the Nichols film Grab-22 (1970). Simon was to play the graphic symbol of Dunbar, only screenwriter Buck Henry felt the film was already crowded with characters and wrote Simon's function out.^{[83] [84]} Filming began in January 1969 and lasted about viii months, longer than expected.^{[85] [86]} The product endangered the duo's relationship;^[84] Simon had completed no new songs, and the duo planned to collaborate later filming ended.^[84] Post-obit the end of filming in October, the first performance of what was planned to be their last tour took place in Ames, Iowa.^[87] The United states of america leg of the tour ended in the sold-out Carnegie Hall on Nov 27.^{[88] [89]} Meanwhile, the duo, working with director Charles Grodin, produced an hourlong CBS special, Songs of America, a mixture of scenes featuring notable political events and leaders concerning the US, such as the Vietnam War, Martin Luther King Jr., John F. Kennedy's funeral procession, Cesar Chavez and the Poor People'southward March. It was circulate merely once, due to tension at the network regarding its content.^{[90] [91]} Information technology was reported that "1 one thousand thousand viewers responded by turning the dial and watching the effigy skating on NBC instead."^[92]

Bridge over Troubled Water, Simon & Garfunkel's final studio album, was released in January 1970 and charted in over 11 countries, topping the charts in 10, including the Billboard Top LP'southward chart in the The states and the United kingdom Albums Chart.^{[93] [94]} Information technology was the acknowledged anthology in 1970, 1971 and 1972 and was at that time the all-time-selling album of all fourth dimension.^[95] Information technology was also CBS Records' best-selling anthology before the release of Michael Jackson's Thriller in 1982.^[96] The album topped the Billboard charts for 10 weeks and stayed in the charts for 85 weeks.^[95] In the United Kingdom, the album topped the charts for 35 weeks, and spent 285 weeks in the superlative 100, from 1970 to 1975.^[95] It has since sold over 25 million copies worldwide.^{[97] [98]} "Span over Troubled Water", the lead single, reached number 1 in five countries and became the duo's biggest seller.^[15] The vocal has been covered by over 50 artists,^[99] including Elvis Presley, Johnny Cash, Aretha Franklin, Jim Nabors, Charlotte Church, Maynard Ferguson, Willie Nelson, Roy Orbison, Michael W. Smith, Josh Groban, and The Mormon Tabernacle Choir.^[100] "Cecilia", the follow-up, reached number 4 in the Us, and "El Condor Pasa" hit number xviii.^[xv] A brief British tour followed the album release, and the duo'southward terminal concert as Simon & Garfunkel took place at Forest Hills Stadium.^[101] In 1971, the album won six awards at the 13th Annual Grammy Awards, including Anthology of the Year.^[102]

1971–1990: Breakup, rifts, and reunions [edit]

The recording of Bridge over Troubled H2o was difficult, and Simon and Garfunkel's relationship had deteriorated. "At that bespeak, I only wanted out," Simon later said.^[103] At the urging of his wife, Peggy Harper, Simon called Davis to confirm the duo's breakup.^[104] For the adjacent several years, they spoke merely two or three times a year.^[105]

In the 1970s, the duo reunited several times. Their first reunion was Together for McGovern, a benefit concert for presidential candidate George McGovern at New York's Madison Square Garden in June 1972.^[15] In 1975, they reconciled when they visited a recording session with John Lennon and Harry Nilsson.^[106] For the residue of the year, they attempted to make the reunion work, just their collaboration only yielded 1 song, "My Piffling Boondocks", that was featured on Simon's Still Crazy Afterwards All These Years and Garfunkel's Breakaway, both released in 1975.^[106] The song peaked at number nine on the Hot 100. In 1975, Garfunkel joined Simon for a medley of three songs on Saturday Dark Live, guest-hosted by Simon.^[107] In 1977, Garfunkel joined Simon for a brief performance of their sometime songs on The Paul Simon Special, and later that twelvemonth they recorded a encompass of Sam Cooke's "(What a) Wonderful Globe" with James Taylor.^[15] Old tensions appeared to dissipate upon Garfunkel's return to New York in 1978, when the duo began interacting more often.^[105] On May 1, 1978, Simon joined Garfunkel for a concert held at Carnegie Hall to benefit the hearing disabled.^[108]

The group performing in kingdom of the netherlands in 1982

By 1980, the duo's solo careers were non doing well.^[105] To aid convalesce New York'due south economic decline, concert promoter Ron Delsener suggested a gratis concert in Central Park.^[109] Delsener contacted Simon with the idea of a Simon & Garfunkel reunion, and once Garfunkel had agreed, plans were made.^[110] The concert, held on September nineteen, 1981, attracted more than 500,000 people, at that time the largest e'er concert attendance.^[15] Warner Bros. Records released a live anthology of the show, The Concert in Central Park, which went double platinum in the US.^[xv] A xc-minute recording of the concert was sold to Home Box Office (HBO) for over $one million.^[111] The concert created a renewed interest in Simon & Garfunkel's work.^[112] They had several "heart-to-center talks", attempting to put their disagreements behind them.^[105] The duo undertook a earth tour beginning in May 1982, but their relationship grew contentious; for the majority of the bout, they did non speak to one another.^[113]

Warner Bros. pushed for the duo to extend the tour and release a new studio album.^[113] Simon had new fabric ready, and, according to Simon, "Artie made a persuasive example that he could arrive into a natural duo record."^[114] However, the duo quarrelled once again; Garfunkel refused to learn the songs in the studio and would not give upwardly his longstanding cannabis and cigarette habits, despite Simon's requests.^[115] Instead, the textile became Simon'due south 1983 album Hearts and Basic.^[15] A spokesperson said: "Paul just felt the material he wrote is and so close to his own life that it had to be his own tape. Fine art was hoping to be on the album, but I'm sure there will be other projects that they will piece of work on together."^[115] Another rift opened when the lengthy recording of Simon's 1986 album Graceland prevented Garfunkel from working with engineer Roy Halee on his Christmas album The Animals' Christmas (1985).^[116] In 1986, Simon said he and Garfunkel remained friends and got on well, "like when we were 10 years old", when they were not working together.^[114]

1990–2018: Awards and final tour [edit]

In 1990, Simon and Garfunkel were inducted into the Stone and Roll Hall of Fame. Garfunkel thanked Simon, calling him "the person who nigh enriched my life by putting those songs through me"; Simon responded, "Arthur and I concur near almost null. Only it's true, I accept enriched his life quite a bit." After performing iii songs, the duo left without speaking. In August 1991, Simon staged his ain concert in Primal Park, released equally a live album, Paul Simon'south Concert in the Park, a few months later. He declined an offering from Garfunkel to perform with him at the park.^[117]

"We are indescribable. You'll never capture it. It's an ingrown, deep friendship. Yes, there is deep beloved in there. Merely there's as well shit."

– Garfunkel describing his decades-long relationship with Simon^[118]

By 1993, the relationship had thawed, and Simon invited Garfunkel on an international tour.^[119] Post-obit a sold-out 21-appointment run at the Paramount Theater in New York and an appearance at that year's Bridge Schoolhouse Benefit in California, they toured the Far Due east.^[xv] They became begrudging again for the rest of the decade.^[fifteen] Simon thanked Garfunkel at his 2001 induction into the Rock and Whorl Hall of Fame as a solo artist: "I regret the catastrophe of our friendship. I hope that some day before we die nosotros will make peace with each other," adding after a interruption, "No blitz."^[15]

In 2003, Simon and Garfunkel received a Lifetime Achievement Award at the 45th Annual Grammy Awards, for which the promoters convinced them to open with a performance of "The Sound of Silence". The functioning was satisfying for both, and they planned a full-scale reunion bout. The Old Friends tour began in October 2003 and played to sold-out audiences across the United States for 40 dates until mid-December,^[120] earning an estimated $123 meg.^[121] A second US leg commenced in June 2004, consisting of twenty cities. Post-obit a 12-city run in Europe in 2004, they ended their nine-month tour with a free concert along Via dei Fori Imperiali, in front of the Colosseum in Rome, on July 31, 2004. Information technology attracted 600,000 fans, more than their Concert in Central Park. In 2005, Simon and Garfunkel performed three songs for a Hurricane Katrina benefit concert in Madison Square Garden, including a operation with singer Aaron Neville.^[122]

The duo at the 2010 New Orleans Jazz and Heritage Festival^[118]

In February 2009, Simon and Garfunkel reunited for iii songs during Simon'southward 2-night engagement at New York'southward Beacon Theatre. This led to a reunion tour of Asia and Commonwealth of australia in June and July 2009.^[121] On October 29, 2009, they performed five songs at the 25th Ceremony Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Concert at Madison Foursquare Garden. In January 2010, Garfunkel adult vocal problems post-obit impairment to his vocal cords as the effect of an incident in which he had briefly choked on a slice of lobster.^[123] Their headlining set several months later at the 2010 New Orleans Jazz and Heritage Festival was hard for Garfunkel. "I was terrible, and crazy nervous. I leaned on Paul Simon and the amore of the crowd," he told Rolling Stone several years subsequently.^[118] Garfunkel was diagnosed with vocal string paresis, and the remaining tour dates were cancelled. However, the two reunited 2 months later to perform "Mrs. Robinson" at an American Film Institute Life Achievement Award tribute to director Mike Nichols, their terminal functioning together.^[123] Garfunkel's manager, John Scher, informed Simon's campsite that Garfunkel would be set within a year, which did non happen, damaging relations between the two. Simon continued to publicly wish Garfunkel meliorate health and praised his "angelic" vocalization. Garfunkel regained his vocal strength over the course of the next 4 years, performing shows in a Harlem theater and to secret audiences.^[118]

In 2014, Garfunkel told Rolling Stone that he believed he and Simon would tour again, just said: "I know that audiences all over the world like Simon and Garfunkel. I'one thousand with them. But I don't think Paul Simon's with them."^[118] In a 2015 interview with The Daily Telegraph, Garfunkel said: "How can you walk away from this lucky place on meridian of the earth, Paul? What'south going on with yous, you idiot? How could you let that become, jerk?"^[124] Asked well-nigh a reunion in 2016, Simon said: "Quite honestly, nosotros don't get forth. So it's not like it's fun. If it was fun, I'd say, OK, sometimes we'll go out and sing old songs in harmony. That'southward cool. But when it'south not fun, y'all know, and you're going to be in a tense situation, well, and so I have a lot of musical areas that I like to play in. So that'll never happen again. That'south that."^[125] In February 2018, Simon announced his retirement from touring.^[126]

Musical style and legacy [edit]

Over the course of their career, Simon & Garfunkel'south music gradually moved from a bones folk rock audio to comprise more experimental elements for the time, including Latin and gospel music.^[1] Their music, according to Rolling Stone, struck a chord amongst lonely, alienated young adults near the end of the decade.^[127]

Simon & Garfunkel received criticism at the height of their success. In 1968, Rolling Stone critic Arthur Schmidt described their music as "questionable ... information technology exudes a sense of process, and it is slick, and aught too much happens."^[128] New York Times critic Robert Shelton said that the duo had "a kind of Mickey Mouse, timid, contrived" approach.^[129] According to Richie Unterberger of AllMusic, their clean audio and muted lyricism "cost them some hipness points during the psychedelic era ... the pair inhabited the more polished end of the folk-stone spectrum and was sometimes criticized for a certain collegiate sterility."^[one] He noted that some critics regard Simon's later solo piece of work as superior to Simon & Garfunkel.^[1]

Co-ordinate to Pitchfork, though Simon & Garfunkel were a highly regarded folk human activity "distinguished by their intuitive harmonies and Paul Simon's articulate songwriting", they were more conservative than the folk music revivalists of Greenwich Hamlet.^[130] By the tardily 1960s, they had go the "folk establishment ... primarily unthreatening and accessible, which forty years afterwards makes them an platonic gateway deed to the weirder, harsher, more circuitous folkies of the 60s counterculture".^[131] However, their subsequently albums explored more aggressive production techniques and incorporated elements of gospel, stone, R&B, and classical, revealing a "voracious musical vocabulary".^[130]

In 2003, Rolling Stone 's 500 Greatest Albums of All Time list included Bridge over Troubled Water at number 51,^[132] Parsley, Sage, Rosemary and Thyme at number 201,^[133] Bookends at number 233,^[134] and Greatest Hits at number 293.^[135] And in 2004, on their 500 Greatest Songs of All Time list, Rolling Rock included "Bridge Over Troubled Water" at number 47, "The Boxer" at number 105, and "The Sound of Silence" at number 156.^[136]

Awards [edit]

Grammy Awards

The Grammy Awards are held annually by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences. Simon & Garfunkel take won 9 total competitive awards, iv Hall of Fame awards, and a Lifetime Achievement Award.^[102]

Other recognition

• Awit Awards (1969) – Single of the Year Strange Sectionalization (for "The Audio of Silence")
• Awit Awards (1969) – Album of the Year Foreign Division (for The Graduate)
• Brit Awards (1977) – International Anthology (for Bridge over Troubled H2o)
• Stone and Whorl Hall of Fame (1990) – Inductee
• Vocal Grouping Hall of Fame (2006) – Inductee

Discography [edit]

Studio albums [edit]

• Wednesday Morning, 3 A.M. (1964)
• Sounds of Silence (1966)
• Parsley, Sage, Rosemary and Thyme (1966)
• Bookends (1968)
• Bridge over Troubled H2o (1970)

Live albums [edit]

• The Concert in Central Park (1982)
• Live from New York City, 1967 (2002)
• Old Friends: Live on Stage (2004)
• Live 1969 (2008)

Soundtracks [edit]

• The Graduate (1968, with Dave Grusin)

Compilation albums [edit]

• Simon and Garfunkel's Greatest Hits (1972)
• The Simon and Garfunkel Collection: 17 of Their All-Fourth dimension Greatest Recordings (1981)
• Tales from New York: The Very All-time of Simon & Garfunkel (2000)
• The Essential Simon and Garfunkel (2003)

Box sets [edit]

• Nerveless Works (1981)
• Old Friends (1997)
• The Columbia Studio Recordings (1964–1970) (2001)
• The Collection: Simon & Garfunkel (2007)
• Simon & Garfunkel: The Consummate Albums Collection (2014)

References [edit]

1. ^ ^{a b c d e} Richie Unterberger. "Simon & Garfunkel – All Music Guide". AllMusic . Retrieved September 22, 2014.
2. ^ "Simon & Garfunkel, Bookends". Allmusic . Retrieved August 22, 2015.
3. ^ "Episodes: Paul Simon". American Masters. PBS. Feb 26, 2001. Retrieved December 6, 2009.
4. ^ Rebecca Raber (September 19, 2011). "Hive Five: Large Concerts With Large Draws". MTV. Archived from the original on September 24, 2011. Retrieved April iii, 2015.
5. ^ Dwyer, Jim (July 23, 2008). "Great Lawn: A Bubble of History Bursts". New York Times.
6. ^ "The BRITs 1977". October xviii, 1977. Retrieved July sixteen, 2012.
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9. ^ "twenty Greatest Duos of All Time". Rolling Stone. Dec 17, 2015. Retrieved September 6, 2020.
10. ^ Claudia Gryvatz Copquin (2007). The Neighborhoods of Queens. Yale University Press. p. 119. ISBN978-0300112993.
11. ^ ^{a b} David Browne (2012). Fire and Pelting: The Beatles, Simon and Garfunkel, James Taylor, CSNY, and the Bloodshot Story Of 1970. Da Capo Press. p. 31. ISBN9780306822131.
12. ^ Pete Fornatale (October 30, 2007). Simon and Garfunkel's Bookends. Rodale. pp. 16–18. ISBN9781594864278.
13. ^ ^{a b} Pete Fornatale (October xxx, 2007). Simon and Garfunkel's Bookends. Rodale. p. 19. ISBN9781594864278.
14. ^ Timothy White (2009). Long Agone And Far Away: James Taylor – His Life And Music. Omnibus Press. p. 189. ISBN9780857120069.
15. ^ ^{a b c d eastward f g h i j one thousand} Serpick, Evan (2001). The Rolling Stone Encyclopedia of Rock & Curl. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1136 pp. Start edition, 2001.
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17. ^ Marc Eliot (2010). Paul Simon: A Life . John Wiley & Sons. p. 18. ISBN978-0-470-43363-8.
18. ^ ^{a b} David Browne (2012). Fire and Rain: The Beatles, Simon and Garfunkel, James Taylor, CSNY, and the Bloodshot Story Of 1970. Da Capo Press. p. 32. ISBN9780306822131.
19. ^ Marc Eliot (2010). Paul Simon: A Life . John Wiley & Sons. p. 21. ISBN978-0-470-43363-eight.
20. ^ ^{a b} Pete Fornatale (Oct thirty, 2007). Simon and Garfunkel's Bookends. Rodale. p. 20. ISBN9781594864278.
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73. ^ Gilliland, John (1969). "Show 46 - Sergeant Pepper at the Tiptop: The very best of a very skillful year" (audio). Pop Chronicles. Academy of North Texas Libraries. Track 4.
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75. ^ ^{a b} Bookends (2001 Remaster) (liner notes). Simon & Garfunkel. US: Columbia Records. 2001. CK 66003. {{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link)
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80. ^ Gross, Mike (Apr 13, 1968). "All-Stereo LP Swing Boon to Industry: Columbia's Davis". Billboard. Vol. fourscore, no. fifteen. New York City. p. eight. ISSN 0006-2510. Retrieved Jan 14, 2014.
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84. ^ ^{a b c} Roswitha Ebel (2004). Paul Simon: seine Musik, sein Leben [Paul Simon: His Music, His Life] (in High german). epubli. pp. 52–53. ISBN978-3-937729-00-8.
85. ^ Hayward, Anthony (October 5, 2011). "John Calley: Flick producer who fabricated 'Grab-22' and successfully headed three major studios". Obituaries. The Independent. Retrieved August xiii, 2012.
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94. ^ "The Official Charts Company – Album chart for 19/xi/2011". Official Charts Company. Retrieved February 4, 2012.
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96. ^ R. Serge Denisoff: Inside Mtv, Transaction Publishers, 1988, p. 117
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98. ^ "Simon and Garfunkel heading to NZ". The New Zealand Herald. April 2, 2009. Retrieved April 18, 2009.
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102. ^ ^{a b} "Simon & Garfunkel Awards and Nominations". Sony Music Entertainment. Retrieved March iii, 2014.
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105. ^ ^{a b c d} Stephen Holden (March 18, 1982). "Class Reunion: It Looks Like a Lasting Thing". Rolling Stone. No. 365. New York City. pp. 26–28. ISSN 0035-791X.
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107. ^ "SNL Transcripts: Paul Simon: x/xviii/75". snltranscripts.jt.org . Retrieved January 24, 2018.
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Bibliography [edit]

• Bennighof, James (2007). The Words and Music of Paul Simon. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN978-0-275-99163-0.
• Browne, David (2012). Burn down and Rain: The Beatles, Simon and Garfunkel, James Taylor, CSNY, and the Lost Story Of 1970 . Da Capo Printing. ISBN978-0-306-82072-4.
• Charlesworth, Chris (1997). "Bridge Over Troubled H2o". The Complete Guide to the Music of Paul Simon and Simon & Garfunkel. Autobus Press. ISBN978-0-7119-5597-four.
• Ebel, Roswitha (2004). Paul Simon: seine Musik, sein Leben [Paul Simon: His Music, His Life] (in German). epubli. ISBN978-iii-937729-00-8.
• Eliot, Marc (2010). Paul Simon: A Life . John Wiley and Sons. ISBN978-0-470-43363-8.
• Fornatale, Pete (2007). Simon and Garfunkel's Bookends. Rodale. ISBN978-one-59486-427-8.
• Humphries, Patrick (1982). Bookends: The Simon and Garfunkel Story. Proteus Books. ISBN978-0-86276-063-2.
• Kingston, Victoria (2000). Simon & Garfunkel: The Biography. Fromm International. ISBN978-0-88064-246-0.

External links [edit]

• Official website
• Simon & Garfunkel interviewed on the Pop Chronicles (1969)
• Simon & Garfunkel discography at Discogs

baurbefure.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_%26_Garfunkel

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